Analysis of the Energy Matrix and its Transition toward Sustainable Development in Latin America

Abstract

Energy is essential for human well-being, economic development, and environmental sustainability. In this context, the transformation of the energy matrix stands out as a key component of global efforts toward sustainable development. Latin America, with its high potential in renewable energy, plays a strategic role in this transition. However, the region’s strong dependence on fossil fuels continues to generate environmental impacts and hinders progress toward a cleaner energy matrix. This study analyzes the progress and challenges Latin America faces in its path toward a more sustainable energy transition. To this end, a detailed review of academic research, official documents, and updated statistical data was conducted. The findings reveal that approximately 57% of the region’s energy matrix comes from renewable sources—a figure that significantly exceeds the global average, estimated at 30%. Notably, countries such as Brazil, Uruguay, and Chile stand out for their growing use of wind and solar energy. Despite these achievements, structural and regulatory barriers persist, limiting the sector’s comprehensive development. Consequently, the study highlights the need for a more active role from the state through coherent public policies, effective regulatory frameworks, and sustainable incentives. This paper not only provides an updated characterization of the regional energy landscape but also proposes lines of action and research to strengthen the energy transition process in Latin America.